Spacing is often treated as the residue of layout, whatever remains once the elements are placed. Reversed, it becomes the most reliable tool available: space is how a page tells someone that one thought has ended and another is beginning.
Group before you decorate
If two things belong together, put them close and give the pair room. Borders, cards and dividers are frequently a repair for spacing that was never sorted out. Fix the distances and half of the lines can disappear.
Fewer values, used consistently
A small spacing scale, applied without exception, reads as intentional. A large one, applied by feel, reads as accidental, even when each individual choice was reasonable.
